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Spatial Investigation of Nilüfer Stream Arsenic Pollution in Previous and Post COVID-19 Pandemic and Evaluation of Health Risks for Adult People

Authors

  • Aslıhan Katip Email ORCID Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmr.v5i2.4741
Received: 24 May 2022 | Published Online: 23 August 2022

Abstract

This study was carried out in Nilüfer Stream in Bursa City, where intensive
industrial, agricultural and mining activities are existed. The temporal and
spatial variation of arsenic was evaluated by examining its concentrations
between March 2015 and December 2021. Values between March 2015
and December 2019 were evaluated as pre-pandemic, and values between
March 2020 and December 2021 were evaluated as post-pandemic. The
results were compared with national and international standards and the
chronic and cancer risks were calculated for adults. When the 7-year
general averages were examined, it was seen that the highest concentration
was 0.0256 mg/L at the 8th Station, and the lowest concentration was
0.0182 mg/L at the 1st Station. The reason why the highest value is at
the 8th station was that the wastewater of Nilüfer and Bursa Organized
Industrial Zones was discharged to Bursa West Wastewater Treatment
Plant before this station. After the pandemic the raises in concentrations
were observed at all stations, except for the 3rd Station. This shows that
the pollution load had increased in general during the pandemic. However,
it was estimated that there was a decrease in the pollution load of the
industrial wastewater coming to the 3rd Station, which was located after
the Eastern Wastewater Treatment Plant of the City. It was observed that
all stations examined were higher than drinking water standards and lower
than irrigation water standards according to WHO and Turkish National
Standards. All measuring stations were greater than 1 of the hazard
quotient (HQ) values. In terms of human consumption risk, all stations had
a chronic and carcinogenic risk according to the values before and after
the pandemic. After the pandemic conditions, the HQ order of the stations
was 8>10>7>9>2>6>4>1>3. In general, post-pandemic HQ values had
generally increased and the risk of cancer had increased.

Keywords:

Arsenic pollution, Covid-19, Human health risk, Hazard quotient, Nilüfer stream

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2022 Vol.5 No.2

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