Abstract: Effective natural ventilation is subject to the ambient wind flow, as well as the conditions of the micro-climate and the geometry of the built structures in the environment. Architects and designers adopt the courtyard concepts for designs in hot tropical climates owing to its unique geometrical characteristics that enable the improvement of airflow required for natural ventilation. This paper presents a review of the airflow regimes within an... More

Abstract: In pursuit of environmental sustainability in the construction sector, this study employs a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate the environmental impact of widely used building materials in Iran, with a particular focus on energy consumption and carbon footprint. The investigation encompasses 22 widely used building materials, utilizing the Ecoinvent v3 database and Simapro8 software to assess critical environmental... More